Ibyokurya byo mu rwego rwibiryo bivuga ibyuma bidafite ingese byujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu cya Repubulika yUbushinwa / Ibipimo by’isuku kubikoresho bitarimo ibyuma bitagira umwanda GB 9684-88. Nibiyobora hamwe na chromium biri hasi cyane ugereranije nibyuma rusange bitagira umwanda.
Iyo ibyuma biremereye ibicuruzwa bitagira umwanda byimuka bikoreshwa birenze imipaka, birashobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwabantu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa cy '“Ibicuruzwa bitagira umwanda” (GB9684-2011) byashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imvura igwa ku byuma bitandukanye biremereye nka chromium, kadmium, nikel, hamwe n’isasu mu guteka. Impamvu imwe ni uko hamwe no kwiyongera kwa manganese mubyuma bitagira umwanda, habaho gutakaza imikorere nko kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya ingese zo guteka. Iyo manganese imaze kugera ku gaciro runaka, iki gicuruzwa ntigishobora gukoreshwa nkigikoni cyangwa ntigishobora kwitwa icyuma kitagira umwanda. Ariko nubwo harimo ibintu byinshi bya manganese, muri rusange nta ngaruka zubuzima. 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese nicyuma gisanzwe kitagira umuyonga, nanone cyitwa 18-8 ibyuma bitagira ingese mu nganda. Kurwanya ruswa iruta ibyuma 430 bitagira umwanda, birwanya ruswa nyinshi, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imikorere myiza yo gutunganya, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, imitako yo mu nzu, n’inganda z’ubuvuzi, urugero, bimwe mu bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bidafite ibyuma, ubwiherero, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni.
Kugirango ukomeze kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma, ibyuma bigomba kuba birimo chromium irenga 17% na nikel irenga 8%. Ugereranije, 201, 202 ibyuma bidafite ingese (bakunze kwita ibyuma bya manganese ndende) bikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byinganda kandi ntibishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kumeza, kuko: Ibirimo bya Manganese birenze ibisanzwe, gufata cyane manganese mumubiri wumuntu bizatera kwangirika sisitemu y'imitsi.
Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, dufite amahirwe menshi yo guhura nibicuruzwa bitagira umwanda, kandi ibyuma byamashanyarazi bitagira umuyonga nimwe murimwe. Biragoye gutandukanya izo ari “201 ″? Nibihe “304 ″?
Gutandukanya ibyo bikoresho bitandukanye bidafite ibyuma, uburyo muri laboratoire ni ukumenya cyane cyane ibintu bigize ibintu. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mubyuma bigize ibikoresho bitandukanye byibyuma. Kubaguzi basanzwe, ubu buryo ni ubuhanga kandi ntibukwiriye, kandi igikwiye ni ugukoresha ibizamini bya manganese 304. Gusa ukeneye kumanuka hejuru kugirango umenye niba ibikoresho bifite manganese irenze igipimo, bityo gutandukanya ibyuma 201 bidafite ingese nicyuma 304. Kandi kubitandukanyirizo hagati yicyuma gisanzwe 304 nicyuma-cyokurya cyicyuma-cyuma, hakenewe ibizamini bya laboratoire birambuye kugirango tubitandukanye. Ariko dukeneye kumenya ko ibigize ibiryo byo mu rwego rwibiryo bitarimo ibyuma aribyo bikomeye, mugihe ibyuma bitagira inganda byoroshye cyane.
ibikoresho byujuje ibyemezo byigihugu bya GB9684 kandi birashobora rwose guhura nibiryo bitagize ingaruka mbi kumubiri. GB9864 ibyuma bitagira umwanda nibikoresho byuma bidafite ibyuma byujuje ibyemezo byigihugu bya GB9684, bityo rero GB9864 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ni urwego rwibiryo. Muri icyo gihe, icyitwa 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese ntibisabwa kwemezwa n’ubuziranenge bw’igihugu GB9684. 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese ntabwo bihwanye nicyiciro cyo mu rwego rwibiryo. 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese ntibikoreshwa mubikoresho byo mu gikoni gusa ahubwo bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda. Mugihe cyo kugura, ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bizarangwa n "ibiryo byo mu rwego rwa 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda" hejuru yurukuta rwimbere rwibicuruzwa, kandi ibicuruzwa byanditseho "urwego rwibiryo-GB9684 ″ bifite umutekano kurushaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-29-2023