Nickel ni icyuma gisa n'umweru, gikomeye, gipfukiranye kandi gifite ferromagnetiki, gishobora gusugurwa cyane kandi kirwanya ingese. Nickel ni icyuma gikunda icyuma. Nickel iboneka mu nda y'isi kandi ni aloyine isanzwe ya nickel-iron. Nickel ishobora kugabanywamo nickel y'ibanze na nickel y'inyongera. Nickel y'ibanze yerekeza ku bicuruzwa bya nickel birimo nickel y'amashanyarazi, ifu ya nickel, blocks za nickel, na nickel hydroxyl. Nickel ifite isuku nyinshi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora bateri za lithium-ion ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi; nickel y'inyongera irimo icyuma cya nickel n'icyuma cya nickel, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma. Ferronickel.
Imibare igaragaza ko kuva muri Nyakanga 2018, igiciro mpuzamahanga cya nikeli cyagabanutseho ibirenze 22% by’inyongera, kandi isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rya nikeli rya Shanghai naryo ryagabanutseho, aho ryagabanutseho ibirenze 15%. Ibi byombi byagabanutseho nikeli biri ku mwanya wa mbere mu bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga n’ibyo mu gihugu. Kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza muri Kamena 2018, Rusal yemewe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi isoko ryari ryiteze ko nikeli y’Uburusiya izashyirwa mu bikorwa. Hamwe n’impungenge z’imbere mu gihugu ku ibura rya nikeli ishobora gutangwa, hari ibintu bitandukanye byashyize hamwe byatumye ibiciro bya nikeli bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’umwaka mu ntangiriro za Kamena. Nyuma yaho, bitewe n’ibintu byinshi, ibiciro bya nikeli byakomeje kugabanuka. Icyizere cy’inganda ku iterambere ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu cyatanze inkunga ku izamuka ry’ibiciro bya nikeli ryari risanzweho. Nickel yari yitezweho cyane, kandi igiciro cyageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka myinshi muri Mata uyu mwaka. Ariko, iterambere ry’inganda nshya zikoresha ingufu rigenda buhoro buhoro, kandi iterambere rinini risaba igihe kugira ngo rirusheho kwiyongera. Politiki nshya y’inkunga ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu yashyizwe mu bikorwa hagati muri Kamena, igamije ko inkunga ijya ku bikoresho bikoresha ingufu nyinshi, nayo yasutse amazi akonje ku busabe bwa nikeli mu ikoreshwa rya batiri. Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese biracyakoresha nikeli, birenga 80% by’isakazwa ryose mu Bushinwa. Ariko, ibyuma bitagira umugese, bigizwe n’isakazwa rikomeye, ntabwo byazanye ibihe byiza bisanzwe bya "Golden Nine na Silver Ten". Amakuru agaragaza ko mu mpera z’Ukwakira 2018, ububiko bw’ibyuma bitagira umugese muri Wuxi bwari toni 229.700, ubwiyongere bwa 4.1% uhereye mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi n’ubwiyongere bwa 22%. Bitewe n’ubukonje bw’igurishwa ry’amazu mu modoka, ubusabe bw’ibyuma bitagira umugese ni buke.
Icya mbere ni isoko n'ibikenewe, ari nabyo bintu by'ingenzi mu kugena uko ibiciro bizagenda mu gihe kirekire. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe no kwaguka k'ubushobozi bwo gukora nikeli mu gihugu, isoko ry'isi rya nikeli ryagize ubwiyongere bukomeye, bituma ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya nikeli bikomeza kugabanuka. Ariko, kuva mu 2014, ubwo Indoneziya, igihugu kinini cyohereza amabuye y'agaciro ya nikeli ku isi, cyatangazaga ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki yo guhagarika kohereza amabuye y'agaciro, impungenge z'isoko ku bijyanye n'icyuho cy'ingufu za nikeli zagiye ziyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya nikeli byahinduye icyerekezo cy'ingufu zari zisanzweho mu gihe gito. Byongeye kandi, twagombye kubona ko umusaruro n'ibicuruzwa bya ferinike byagiye byinjira buhoro buhoro mu gihe cyo kuzamuka no kwiyongera. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwitezwe bwo gukora ferinike mu mpera z'umwaka buracyahari. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora icyuma cya nikeli muri Indoneziya mu 2018 buri hejuru ya 20% ugereranyije n'ibyari byitezwe umwaka ushize. Mu 2018, ubushobozi bwo gukora Indoneziya bwibanda cyane cyane muri Tsingshan Group Phase II, Delong Indonesia, Xinxing Cast Pipe, Jinchuan Group, na Zhenshi Group. Ubwo bushobozi bwo gukora burarekurwa. Bizatuma ferronikel igabanuka mu gihe cya nyuma.
Muri make, kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya nikeli byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga ndetse n'inkunga idahagije y'imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo idakomeza kugabanuka. Nubwo inkunga nziza y'igihe kirekire ikiriho, icyifuzo gito cy'imbere mu gihugu nacyo cyagize ingaruka ku isoko ririho ubu. Kuri ubu, nubwo hari ibintu by'ingenzi byiza, uburemere buke bwiyongereyeho gato, byatumye habaho kongera kurekurwa kw'ingaruka z'imari bitewe n'impungenge zikomeye z'ubukungu. Imyumvire mishya ikomeje kubuza ibiciro bya nikeli, ndetse no kwiyongera kw'ihungabana ry'ubukungu ntibikuraho igabanuka ry'icyiciro. Hari ihinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-11-2024