Nickel nikintu cya silver-cyera, gikomeye, gihindagurika kandi cyitwa ferromagnetic metallic yangiza cyane kandi irwanya ruswa. Nickel nikintu gikunda ibyuma. Nickel ikubiye mu nsi yisi kandi ni umusemburo wa nikel-fer. Nickel irashobora kugabanywamo nikel yibanze na nikel ya kabiri. Nikel yibanze bivuga ibicuruzwa bya nikel harimo nikel ya electrolytike nikel, ifu ya nikel, blok ya nikel, na nikel hydroxyl. Nikel ifite isuku nyinshi irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora bateri ya lithium-ion kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi; nikel ya kabiri irimo nikel yingurube nicyuma cyingurube nikel, zikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Ferronickel.
Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, kuva muri Nyakanga 2018, igiciro mpuzamahanga cya nikel cyagabanutseho hejuru ya 22%, hamwe n’isoko ry’imbere ry’imbere mu gihugu cya Shanghai naryo ryaragabanutse, aho igabanuka ry’imibare irenga 15%. Ibyo kugabanuka byombi biza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu. Kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza muri Kamena 2018, Rusal yemerewe na Amerika, kandi isoko ryateganyaga ko nikel yo mu Burusiya izabigiramo uruhare. Hamwe n’impungenge zo mu gihugu zerekeye ibura rya nikel zitangwa, ibintu bitandukanye byafatanyaga hamwe ibiciro bya nikel kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rwumwaka mu ntangiriro za Kamena. Nyuma, byatewe nibintu byinshi, ibiciro bya nikel byakomeje kugabanuka. Icyizere cy’inganda ku bijyanye n’iterambere ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu zatanze inkunga yo kuzamuka kw’ibiciro bya nikel. Nickel yahoze ategerejwe cyane, kandi igiciro cyageze ku myaka myinshi muri Mata uyu mwaka. Nyamara, iterambere ryinganda nshya zingufu zitwara imodoka ni buhoro buhoro, kandi gukura kwinshi bisaba igihe cyo kwegeranya. Politiki nshya y’ingoboka ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byashyizwe mu bikorwa hagati muri Kamena, igabanya inkunga ku ngero z’ingufu nyinshi, yanasutse amazi akonje ku cyifuzo cya nikel mu murima wa batiri. Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bidafite ingese bikomeza kuba umukoresha wa nikel, bingana na 80% by’ibisabwa byose mu Bushinwa. Nyamara, ibyuma bidafite ingese, bifite uruhare runini cyane, ntabwo byatangije ibihe bisanzwe bya "Zahabu Icyenda na silver icumi". Imibare irerekana ko guhera mu mpera z'Ukwakira 2018, ibarura ry'icyuma muri Wuxi ryari toni 229.700, ryiyongereyeho 4.1% guhera mu ntangiriro z'ukwezi ndetse n'umwaka ku mwaka kwiyongera 22%. . Ingaruka zo gukonjesha kugurisha amazu yimodoka, ibyuma bidafite ingese birakomeye.
Iya mbere ni ugutanga no gusaba, nicyo kintu cyambere muguhitamo ibiciro byigihe kirekire. Mu myaka yashize, kubera kwagura ubushobozi bwa nikel imbere mu gihugu, isoko rya nikel ku isi ryagabanutse cyane, bituma ibiciro bya nikel mpuzamahanga bikomeza kugabanuka. Icyakora, kuva mu 2014, kubera ko Indoneziya, igihugu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bya nikel ku isi, byatangaje ko hashyizwe mu bikorwa politiki yo guhagarika ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, impungenge z’isoko ku bijyanye n’ikinyuranyo cy’itangwa rya nikel zagiye ziyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya nikel byahinduye imyumvire yari ifite mbere mu umwe yaguye hasi. Mubyongeyeho, dukwiye kandi kubona ko umusaruro wa ferronickel no gutanga byinjiye buhoro buhoro mugihe cyo gukira no gukura. Byongeye kandi, ibiteganijwe kurekurwa ubushobozi bwa ferronickel mu mpera zumwaka biracyahari. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora ibyuma bya nikel muri Indoneziya muri 2018 burenze 20% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Muri 2018, Indoneziya y’umusaruro yibanda cyane cyane mu itsinda rya Tsingshan Icyiciro cya kabiri, Delong Indoneziya, Umuyoboro wa Xinxing, Itsinda rya Jinchuan, na Zhenshi Group. Ubu bushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro burekuwe Bizatuma itangwa rya ferronickel irekurwa mugihe cyanyuma.
Muri make, koroshya ibiciro bya nikel byagize uruhare runini ku isoko mpuzamahanga ndetse n’inkunga idahagije mu gihugu kugira ngo irwanye igabanuka. Nubwo inkunga yigihe kirekire iracyariho, intege nke zimbere mu gihugu nazo zagize ingaruka kumasoko agezweho. Kugeza ubu, nubwo ibintu byingenzi byingenzi bibaho, uburemere buke bwiyongereyeho gato, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho irekurwa ry’ingaruka ziterwa n’imari kubera impungenge za macro. Imyumvire ya Macro ikomeje kugabanya imigendekere yibiciro bya nikel, ndetse no gukaza umurego wa macro ntibibuza kugabanuka kurwego. Inzira iragaragara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-11-2024