Kubaka umuyoboro wa gaze ufite isuku nyinshi

I. Intangiriro

Hamwe n'iterambere ry'igihugu cyanjyesemiconductorn'inganda zikora ibikorwa by'ibanze, ikoreshwa ryaimiyoboro ya gazi isukuye cyaneirimo irushaho gukwirakwira. Inganda nka semiconductors, electronics, medicine, n'ibiribwa zose zikoresha imiyoboro ya gaze ifite isuku nyinshi ku rugero rutandukanye. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa ry'imiyoboro ya gaze ifite isuku nyinshi. Ubwubatsi nabwo burushaho kuba ingenzi kuri twe.

2. Ingano y'ikoreshwa

Iyi gahunda ikwiriye cyane cyane mu gushyiraho no gupima imiyoboro ya gazi mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga n'iz'ibikoresho bya semiconductor, no gusudira imiyoboro ya gazi idafite ifumbire ifite inkuta nto. Ikwiriye kandi mu kubaka imiyoboro isukuye mu nganda zikora imiti, ibiribwa n'izindi.

3. Ihame ry'imikorere

Dukurikije imiterere y'umushinga, kubaka umushinga kugabanyijemo intambwe eshatu. Buri ntambwe igomba gusuzumwa neza mu isuku n'ubwiza. Intambwe ya mbere ni ugutegura umuyoboro mbere y'uko ushyirwamo. Kugira ngo harebwe ko ibisabwa mu isuku ari ngombwa, gutegura umuyoboro mbere y'uko ushyirwamo bikorwa muri rusange mu cyumba cy'igorofa 1000. Intambwe ya kabiri ni ugushyiramo aho ushyirwa; intambwe ya gatatu ni ugupima sisitemu. Gupima sisitemu ahanini bipima uduce tw'umukungugu, aho amazi anyura, ingano ya ogisijeni, n'ingano ya hydrocarbon iri mu muyoboro.

4. Ahantu hakuru ho kubaka

(1) Imyiteguro mbere yo kubaka

1. Gutegura abakozi no gutegura imashini n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi.

2. Kubaka icyumba cyateguwe mbere gifite isuku ya 1000.

3. Gusesengura ibishushanyo mbonera by'inyubako, gutegura igenamigambi ry'inyubako hashingiwe ku miterere y'umushinga n'imiterere yawo nyayo, no gutanga ibisobanuro bya tekiniki.

(2) Imiterere y'imiyoboro y'amazi mbere y'uko ikorwa

1. Bitewe n'isuku nyinshi isabwa ku miyoboro ya gazi isukuye cyane, kugira ngo bigabanye akazi ko gusudira aho ishyirwa no kugira isuku, kubaka imiyoboro bibanza gukorwa mu cyumba cyubatswe ku rwego rwa 1000. Abakora mu bwubatsi bagomba kwambara imyenda isukuye no gukoresha. Imashini n'ibikoresho bigomba kubungabungwa neza, kandi abakozi b'ubwubatsi bagomba kugira isuku ikomeye kugira ngo bagabanye umwanda w'imiyoboro mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi.

2. Gukata imiyoboro. Gukata imiyoboro hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyihariye cyo gukata imiyoboro. Impande zombi zicamo ziba zigororotse ku murongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro. Mu gihe cyo gukata umuyoboro, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kwirinda ivumbi n'umwuka byo hanze byanduza imbere mu muyoboro. Ibikoresho bigomba gushyirwa mu matsinda no gushyirwaho inomero kugira ngo byorohereze gusudira mu matsinda.

3. Gusudira imiyoboro. Mbere yo gusudira imiyoboro, gahunda yo gusudira igomba kwegeranywa no gushyirwa mu mashini isudira yikora. Ingero zo gusudira zishobora gusudira gusa nyuma y’uko ingero zisuzumwe. Nyuma y’umunsi umwe wo gusudira, ingero zishobora gusudira nanone. Iyo ingero zujuje ibisabwa, ibipimo byo gusudira ntibizahinduka. Bibikwa mu mashini isudira, kandi imashini isudira yikora iba ihamye cyane mu gihe cyo gusudira, bityo ubwiza bwa sudira nabwo burasobanuka. Ubwiza bwa sudira bugenzurwa na mudasobwa nto, bigabanya ingaruka z’ibintu bya muntu ku bwiza bwa sudira, bikongera imikorere myiza, kandi bigatanga sudira nziza.

4. Uburyo bwo gusudira

Kubaka umuyoboro wa gaze ufite isuku nyinshi

(3) Gushyiramo aho hantu

1. Gushyira imiyoboro ya gazi ifite ubwiza bwinshi aho iherereye bigomba kuba bisukuye kandi bisukuye, kandi ababishyiramo bagomba kwambara uturindantoki dusukuye.

2. Intera y'aho udukingirizo dushyirwa igomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mu gishushanyo, kandi buri gice gihamye kigomba gupfukwa n'agakoresho kabigenewe k'umuyoboro wa EP.

3. Iyo imiyoboro yakoreshejwe ijyanwa aho yagenewe, ntishobora gukubitwa cyangwa ngo ikandagirweho, kandi ntishobora gushyirwa hasi neza. Nyuma yo gushyirwaho udukingirizo, imiyoboro ihita ifata.

4. Uburyo bwo gusudira imiyoboro y'amazi aho iherereye ni bumwe n'ubwo mu cyiciro cyo kuyitunganya mbere.

5. Nyuma yo gusudira kurangiye kandi abakozi babishinzwe bakaba barasuzumye ingero z'imigozi yo gusudira n'imigozi yo gusudira ku miyoboro kugira ngo bigenzurwe neza, shyira icyapa cy'imigozi yo gusudira hanyuma wuzuze inyandiko yo gusudira.

(4) Isuzuma rya sisitemu

1. Igeragezwa rya sisitemu ni intambwe ya nyuma mu kubaka gaze ifite isuku nyinshi. Bikorwa nyuma y'uko igeragezwa ry'umuvuduko w'imiyoboro rirangiye no gusukurwa.

2. Gazi ikoreshwa mu gupima sisitemu mbere ya byose ni gaze yujuje ibisabwa. Isuku, ingano ya ogisijeni, urugero rw'ikime na hydrocarboni bya gaze bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa.

3. Ikimenyetso gipimwa binyuze mu kuzuza umuyoboro wa gazi yujuje ibisabwa hanyuma kikapimwa n'igikoresho kiri aho basohokera. Niba gazi yavuye mu muyoboro yujuje ibisabwa, bivuze ko ikimenyetso cyayo cyujuje ibisabwa.

5. Ibikoresho

Imiyoboro ya gaze ifite isuku nyinshi muri rusange ikoresha imiyoboro y'icyuma gifunganye ifite inkuta ntoya hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu buryo bw'imikorere y'icyuma gikwirakwira, akenshi 316L (00Cr17Ni14Mo2). Hari ahanini ibintu bitatu bya alloy: chromium, nickel, na molybdenum. Kuba hari chromium byongera ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma gifunganye mu buryo bwa ogisijeni kandi bigatera urwego rwa chromium-agrode film; mu gihe kuba hari molybdenum byongera ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma gifunganye mu buryo bwa ogisijeni. Kuba hari ubudahangarwa bw'igituza; Nickel ni igice cy'ingenzi cya austenite, kandi kuba kirimo ntibituma icyuma gihangana n'igituza gusa, ahubwo binatuma icyuma gihangana n'igituza.