Umushinga 909 Uruganda runini cyane Uruganda rukora uruziga ni umushinga munini wubwubatsi bwinganda zigihugu cya elegitoroniki mugihe cyimyaka cyenda yimyaka itanu yo gukora chip ifite ubugari bwumurongo wa micron 0.18 na diameter ya mm 200.
Tekinoroji yo gukora yinganda nini nini ihuriweho cyane ntabwo ikubiyemo gusa tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nko gukora mikoro iciriritse, ahubwo inashyira ibisabwa cyane ku isuku ya gaze.
Isoko ryinshi rya gazi kumushinga 909 ritangwa numushinga uhuriweho na Praxair Utility Gas Co., Ltd. yo muri Amerika hamwe n’impande zibishinzwe muri Shanghai gushinga hamwe uruganda rukora gaze.Uruganda rukora gaze ruherekejwe n’uruganda rw’imishinga 909 inyubako, ifite ubuso bwa metero kare 15,000. Ubuziranenge nibisohoka bya gaze zitandukanye
Azote ifite isuku nyinshi (PN2), azote (N2), na ogisijeni ifite isuku nyinshi (PO2) ikorwa no gutandukanya ikirere. Hydrogen ifite isuku nyinshi (PH2) ikorwa na electrolysis. Argon (Ar) na helium (He) bigurwa hanze. Gazi ya gazi isukurwa kandi ikayungururwa kugirango ikoreshwe mu mushinga 909. Gazi idasanzwe itangwa mu macupa, naho akabati y’icupa rya gaze iherereye mu mahugurwa y’abafasha y’uruganda rukora amashanyarazi.
Iyindi myuka irimo kandi isuku yumye yumuyaga CDA sisitemu, hamwe nubunini bwa 4185m3 / h, ikime cyumuvuduko wa -70 ° C, nubunini buke butarenze 0.01um muri gaze aho ikoreshwa. Guhumeka umwuka uhumanye (BA) sisitemu, imikoreshereze ya 90m3 / h, ikime cyumuvuduko wa point 2 size, ingano ya gaze muri gaze aho ikoreshwa ntabwo irenze 0.3um, sisitemu ya vacuum (PV), ikoreshwa rya 582m3 / h, impamyabumenyi ya vacuum aho ikoreshwa -79993Pa. Sisitemu yo gusukura vacuum (HV), imikoreshereze ya 1440m3 / h, impamyabumenyi ya vacuum aho ikoreshwa -59995 Pa.
Guhitamo ibikoresho by'imiyoboro n'ibikoresho
Gazi ikoreshwa mubikorwa bya VLSI ifite isuku nyinshi cyane.Imiyoboro ya gazi isukuye cyanemubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubidukikije bisukuye, kandi kugenzura isuku bigomba kuba bihuye cyangwa birenze urwego rwisuku yumwanya ukoreshwa! Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro ya gazi isukuye cyane ikoreshwa mubidukikije bisukuye. Hydrogen isukuye (PH2), ogisijeni ifite isuku nyinshi (PO2) hamwe na gaze zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe zirashya, ziturika, zishyigikira umuriro cyangwa imyuka yubumara. Niba imiyoboro ya gazi yarakozwe nabi cyangwa ibikoresho byatoranijwe nabi, ntabwo gusa ubuziranenge bwa gaze ikoreshwa aho gazi izagabanuka, ariko bizananirana. Yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, ariko ntabwo ari bibi kuyikoresha kandi bizatera umwanda uruganda rufite isuku, bigira ingaruka kumutekano nisuku ryuruganda rufite isuku.
Ingwate y’ubwiza bwa gaze isukuye cyane aho ikoreshwa ntabwo iterwa gusa n’umusaruro wa gaze, ibikoresho byoza no kuyungurura, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka cyane cyane kubintu byinshi biri muri sisitemu yimiyoboro. Niba twishingikirije ku bikoresho bitanga umusaruro wa gazi, ibikoresho byoza no kuyungurura Ntabwo ari bibi gushyiraho ibyangombwa bisobanutse neza kugirango twishyure sisitemu ya gaz idakwiye cyangwa guhitamo ibikoresho.
Mugihe cyo gutegura umushinga wa 909, twakurikije "Kode yo gushushanya ibimera bisukuye" GBJ73-84 (igipimo kiriho ni (GB50073-2001)), "Kode yo gushushanya sitasiyo zo mu kirere zifunze" GBJ29-90, "Kode Gushushanya Sitasiyo ya Oxygene "GB50030-91," Kode yo Gushushanya Sitasiyo ya Hydrogene na Oxygene "GB50177-93, hamwe ningamba za tekiniki zijyanye no gutoranya ibikoresho byifashishwa. “Kode yo gushushanya ibimera bisukuye” iteganya guhitamo ibikoresho by'imiyoboro hamwe na valve nkibi bikurikira:
. urukuta rw'imbere rugomba gukoreshwa. Umuyoboro ugomba kuba diaphragm valve cyangwa inzogera.
. Usibye indangururamajwi zigomba gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ya gaze ishobora gutwikwa, imipira y’umupira igomba gukoreshwa muyindi miyoboro ya gaze.
. Niba ikime kiri munsi ya -40 ℃, imiyoboro ya OCr18Ni9 itagira umuyonga (304) cyangwa umuyoboro wicyuma ushyushye utagira ibyuma. Umuyoboro ugomba kuba inzogera cyangwa umupira.
(4) Ibikoresho bya valve bigomba guhuzwa nibikoresho bihuza imiyoboro.
Dukurikije ibisabwa mubisobanuro hamwe ningamba zijyanye na tekiniki, turareba cyane cyane ibi bikurikira muguhitamo ibikoresho byumuyoboro:
(1) Umwuka wogukoresha ibikoresho byumuyoboro ugomba kuba muto. Imiyoboro y'ibikoresho bitandukanye ifite uburyo bwo guhumeka neza. Niba hatoranijwe imiyoboro ifite umwuka mwinshi mwinshi, umwanda ntushobora kuvaho. Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma hamwe nimiyoboro y'umuringa nibyiza mukurinda kwinjira no kwangirika kwa ogisijeni mu kirere. Nyamara, kubera ko imiyoboro idafite ibyuma idakora cyane kuruta imiyoboro y'umuringa, imiyoboro y'umuringa ikora cyane mu gutuma ubushuhe bwo mu kirere bwinjira mu buso bwabo bw'imbere. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhitamo imiyoboro ya gazi isukuye cyane, imiyoboro yicyuma igomba kuba ihitamo ryambere.
(2) Ubuso bwimbere bwibikoresho byumuyoboro byamamajwe kandi bigira ingaruka nke mu gusesengura gaze. Umuyoboro w'icyuma umaze gutunganywa, gazi runaka izagumishwa mu cyuma cyayo. Iyo gaze ifite isuku nyinshi inyuze, iki gice cya gaze kizinjira mu kirere kandi gitera umwanda. Muri icyo gihe, kubera adsorption hamwe nisesengura, ibyuma hejuru yimbere yumuyoboro nabyo bizabyara ifu runaka, bitera umwanda kuri gaze yuzuye. Kuri sisitemu yo kuvoma ifite isuku iri hejuru ya 99,999% cyangwa urwego rwa ppb, hagomba gukoreshwa 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti umuyoboro muto wa karubone idafite ibyuma (316L).
. Amahugurwa yumusaruro hamwe nibisabwa cyane kugirango isuku irashobora gukoresha 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti ya karuboni ntoya idafite ibyuma (316L) cyangwa OCr18Ni9 imiyoboro idafite ibyuma (304), imiyoboro y'umuringa ntishobora gukoreshwa.
.EP imiyoboro isukuyebigomba gukoreshwa. Sukura "umuyoboro usukuye ufite imbere-yoroheje imbere".
(5) Zimwe muri sisitemu yihariye ya gazi ikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kubyara ni imyuka yangirika cyane. Imiyoboro iri muri sisitemu y'imiyoboro igomba gukoresha imiyoboro idashobora kwangirika nk'imiyoboro. Bitabaye ibyo, imiyoboro izangirika kubera ruswa. Niba ibibanza byangirika biboneka hejuru, imiyoboro isanzwe idafite ibyuma cyangwa imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira ntishobora gukoreshwa.
(6) Ihame, imiyoboro ya gazi yose igomba gusudwa. Kubera ko gusudira imiyoboro yicyuma izasenya urwego rwa galvanis, imiyoboro yicyuma ntikoreshwa mumiyoboro mubyumba bisukuye.
Urebye ibintu byavuzwe haruguru urebye, imiyoboro ya gazi imiyoboro hamwe na valve byatoranijwe muri & 7 & umushinga nibi bikurikira:
Imiyoboro ya azote ifite isuku nyinshi (PN2) ikozwe muri 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti imiyoboro ya karuboni nkeya idafite ibyuma (316L) ifite urukuta rw'imbere rw'amashanyarazi, kandi indiba zikozwe mubyuma bitagira umuyonga wibikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro ya azote (N2) ikozwe muri 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti imiyoboro ya karuboni nkeya idafite ibyuma (316L) hamwe nurukuta rwimbere rwumuyagankuba, kandi na valve ikozwe mubyuma bitagira umuyonga wibikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro ya hydrogène yuzuye (PH2) ikozwe muri 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti imiyoboro ya karuboni nkeya idafite ibyuma (316L) ifite urukuta rwimbere rwamashanyarazi, kandi indiba zikozwe mubyuma bitagira umuyonga wibikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro ya sisitemu ya ogisijeni (PO2) yuzuye ikozwe muri 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti imiyoboro ya karuboni nkeya idafite ibyuma (316L) ifite inkuta zimbere zashizwemo amashanyarazi, kandi indiba zikozwe mubyuma bitagira umuyonga wibikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro ya sisitemu ya Argon (Ar) ikozwe muri 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti imiyoboro ya karuboni nkeya idafite ibyuma (316L) hamwe nurukuta rwimbere rwamashanyarazi, kandi ibyuma bifata ibyuma bitagira umuyonga nibikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro ya sisitemu ya helium (He) ikozwe muri 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti imiyoboro ya karuboni nkeya idafite ibyuma (316L) ifite urukuta rw'imbere rw'amashanyarazi, kandi indiba zikozwe mu byuma bitagira umuyonga by'ibikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro yumye isukuye yumye (CDA) sisitemu ikozwe muri OCr18Ni9 imiyoboro idafite ibyuma (304) hamwe nurukuta rwimbere rusize, kandi indiba zikozwe mubyuma bitagira umuyonga wibikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro ihumeka ihumeka (BA) ikozwe mu miyoboro ya OCr18Ni9 idafite ibyuma (304) ifite inkuta zimbere zisennye, naho indiba zikozwe mubyuma byumupira wibyuma bidafite ibikoresho bimwe.
Inzira ya vacuum (PV) ya sisitemu ikozwe mu miyoboro ya UPVC, naho indiba ikozwe na vacuum ikinyugunyugu ikozwe mu bikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro ya sisitemu ya vacuum (HV) ikozwe mu miyoboro ya UPVC, naho indiba ikozwe mu kinyugunyugu cya vacuum ikozwe mu bikoresho bimwe.
Imiyoboro ya sisitemu idasanzwe ya gaze yose ikozwe muri 00Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti imiyoboro ya karuboni nkeya idafite ibyuma (316L) ifite urukuta rwimbere rwamashanyarazi, kandi indiba zikozwe mubyuma bitagira umuyonga wibikoresho bimwe.
3 Kubaka no gushyiraho imiyoboro
3.1 Igice cya 8.3 cy '“Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imyubakire y’uruganda” giteganya ingingo zikurikira zijyanye no guhuza imiyoboro:
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(4) Guhuza imiyoboro na valve bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza akurikira
Material Ibikoresho bifunga kashe ihuza imiyoboro ya gazi isukuye cyane hamwe na valve bigomba gukoresha gasketi yicyuma cyangwa ferrule ebyiri ukurikije ibisabwa mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro nibiranga gaze.
MaterialIbikoresho bifunga kashe cyangwa umurongo wa flange bigomba kuba polytetrafluoroethylene.
3.2 Ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye hamwe ningamba za tekiniki zijyanye, guhuza imiyoboro ya gazi isukuye cyane igomba gusudwa bishoboka. Gusudira mu buryo butaziguye bigomba kwirindwa mugihe cyo gusudira. Imiyoboro y'imiyoboro cyangwa ingingo zuzuye bigomba gukoreshwa. Amaboko y'imiyoboro agomba kuba akozwe mubintu bimwe kandi imbere yimbere neza nkimiyoboro. urwego, mugihe cyo gusudira, kugirango hirindwe okiside igice cyo gusudira, gaze irinda umutekano igomba kwinjizwa mumiyoboro yo gusudira. Ku miyoboro idafite ibyuma, hagomba gukoreshwa gusudira arc arc, kandi gaze ya argon yubuziranenge bumwe igomba kwinjizwa mumiyoboro. Guhuza insanganyamatsiko cyangwa guhuza umurongo bigomba gukoreshwa. Mugihe uhuza flanges, ferrules igomba gukoreshwa kumutwe. Usibye imiyoboro ya ogisijeni n'umuyoboro wa hydrogène, ugomba gukoresha gasketi y'icyuma, indi miyoboro igomba gukoresha gasketi ya polytetrafluoroethylene. Gukoresha reberi ya silicone nkeya kuri gasketi nabyo bizagira akamaro. Kongera ingaruka zo gufunga. Ingamba nkizo zigomba gufatwa mugihe flange ihuza.
Mbere yuko imirimo yo kwishyiriraho itangira, igenzura rirambuye ryerekana imiyoboro,Ibikoresho, indangagaciro, nibindi bigomba gukorwa. Urukuta rw'imbere rw'imiyoboro isanzwe idafite ibyuma bigomba gutorwa mbere yo gushiraho. Imiyoboro, fitingi, valve, nibindi byumuyoboro wa ogisijeni bigomba kubuzwa cyane amavuta, kandi bigomba kwangirika cyane ukurikije ibisabwa mbere yo gushiraho.
Mbere yuko sisitemu ishyirwaho kandi igashyirwa mubikorwa, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza imiyoboro igomba guhanagurwa rwose hamwe na gaze yatanzwe cyane. Ibi ntibisibanganya gusa ivumbi ryaguye muri sisitemu mugihe cyogushiraho, ariko kandi bigira uruhare mukumisha muri sisitemu y'imiyoboro, ikuraho igice cya gaze irimo ubuhehere bwakiriwe nurukuta rw'imiyoboro ndetse nibikoresho bya pipe.
4. Ikizamini cyumuvuduko wumuyoboro no kwemerwa
. Indi miyoboro igomba gukorerwa igenzura rya radiografiya, kandi igipimo cyo kugenzura icyitegererezo ntigishobora kuba munsi ya 5%, ubuziranenge ntibugomba kuba munsi yicyiciro cya III.
(2) Nyuma yo gutsinda igenzura ridasenya, hagomba gukorwa ikizamini cyumuvuduko. Kugirango habeho gukama no kugira isuku ya sisitemu yo kuvoma, ntigomba gukorwa ikizamini cyumuvuduko wa hydraulic, ariko hagomba gukoreshwa ikizamini cyumuvuduko wumusonga. Ikizamini cyumuvuduko wumwuka kigomba gukorwa hifashishijwe azote cyangwa umwuka ucanye uhuye nurwego rwisuku yicyumba gisukuye. Umuvuduko wikizamini cyumuyoboro ugomba kuba inshuro 1.15 umuvuduko wigishushanyo, naho umuvuduko wikizamini cyumuyoboro wa vacuum ugomba kuba 0.2MPa. Mugihe c'ikizamini, igitutu kigomba kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Iyo umuvuduko uzamutse kugera kuri 50% byumuvuduko wikizamini, niba nta bidasanzwe cyangwa kumeneka bibonetse, komeza wongere umuvuduko intambwe ku 10% byumuvuduko wikizamini, kandi uhagarike umuvuduko muminota 3 kuri buri rwego kugeza igitutu cyibizamini. . Hindura igitutu muminota 10, hanyuma ugabanye umuvuduko wumuvuduko. Igihe cyo guhagarika igitutu kigomba kugenwa ukurikije ibikenewe gutahurwa. Umukozi wifuro wujuje ibyangombwa niba nta kumeneka.
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(4) Ikizamini cyo kumeneka. Kuri sisitemu yo mu cyiciro cya ppb na ppt, ukurikije ibisobanuro bifatika, nta kumeneka bigomba gufatwa nkibisabwa, ariko ikizamini cyamafaranga yamenetse gikoreshwa mugihe cyashushanyije, ni ukuvuga ko ikizamini cyo kumeneka gikozwe nyuma yikizamini cyo gukomera kwikirere. Umuvuduko nigitutu cyakazi, kandi igitutu gihagarikwa amasaha 24. Impuzandengo yamasaha yamenetse ari munsi cyangwa angana na 50ppm nkuko byujuje ibisabwa. Kubara ibimeneka ni ibi bikurikira:
A = (1-P2T1 / P1T2) * 100 / T.
Muri formula:
Isaha imwe yamenetse (%)
P1-Umuvuduko udasanzwe mugitangira ikizamini (Pa)
P2-Umuvuduko udasanzwe kurangiza ikizamini (Pa)
T1-ubushyuhe bwuzuye mugitangira ikizamini (K)
T2-ubushyuhe bwuzuye kurangiza ikizamini (K)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-12-2023